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Apakah Haid ? What is menstrual?
Jawapan / Answer
Keguguran lapisan dinding uterus dan penyingkirannya melalui vagina bersama-sama sedikit darah dan sel.
Breakdown of the lining of uterine wall and its discharge through the vagina, with small amount of blood and cells.
Berapa lamakah satu kitaran haid dan kepentingannya? How long it take for a menstrual cycle and what are the importances of it?
Jawapan / Answer
28 hari setiap kitar.
Menyediakan dinding uterus untuk penempelan embrio
Mengawal perkembangan ovum dan pengovulan
28 days for each cycle.
Prepares the uterine lining for the implantation of an embryo.
Controls the development of an ovum and ovulation
Apakah fungsi horman-horman tersebut?
What is the function of those hormones?
Jawapan / Answer
Analisis perubahan aras hormon yang terlibat semasa kitar haid
Analyse the changes in the levels of hormones during menstraul changes
Jawapan / Answer
Analisis perubahan aras hormon yang terlibat semasa kehamilan
Analyse the changes in the levels of hormones during pregnancy
Jawapan / Answer
1) Hormon gonadotrofin korion manusia (HCG)
Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) hormone
Dihasilkan oleh plasenta selepas penempelan embrio.
Produced by the placenta after the implantation of embryo.
Memastikan korpus luteum terus menghasilkan estrogen dan progesteron (3 hingga 4 bulan selepas kehamilan).
Ensure that the corpus luteum continues to produce oestrogen and progesterone (3 to 4 months after pregnancy).
2) Progesteron
Progesterone
Merencatkan rembesan FSH dan LH. Maka, kitar haid dan ovulasi tidak berlaku sepanjang kehamilan.
Inhibits the secretion of FSH and LH. Thus, the menstrual cycle and ovulation do not occur throughout the pregnancy.
Merangsang pertumbuhan salur darah di endometrium.
Stimulates growth of blood vessels in the endometrium.
3) Estrogen
Oestrogen
Dihasilkan oleh plasenta semasa kehamilan
Produced by the placenta during pregnancy.
Mengekalkan lapisan dinding endometrium.
Maintains the lining of the endometrial wall.
Analisis perubahan aras hormon yang terlibat semasa keguguran
Analyse the changes in the levels of hormones during miscarriage
Jawapan / Answer
Keguguran adalah kehamilan yang berakhir secara semula jadi dan spontan.
Miscarriage is the spontaneous natural termination of a pregnancy.
Ketidakseimbangan aras hormon progesteron dan estrogen boleh menyebabkan keguguran.
The imbalance of progesterone and oestrogen levels may lead to a miscarriage.
Penurunan aras progesteron menyebabkan uterus mengecut.
Decrease of progesterone level causes the uterus to shrink.
Analisis perubahan aras hormon yang terlibat semasa sindrom prahaid (PMS)
Analyse the changes in the levels of hormones during Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
Jawapan / Answer
Sindrom prahaid atau PMS adalah sindrom yang dialami sebelum kitar haid bermula.
Premenstrual syndrome or PMS is a syndrome that appear before a menstrual cycle starts.
Sindrom ini berlaku disebabkan ketidakseimbangan estrogen dan progesteron dalam kitar haid.
This syndrome occurs due to the imbalance of oestrogen and progesterone within the menstrual cycle.
Simptoms merangkumi penat, sakit kepala, emosi tidak stabil dan cepat marah.
The symptoms include fatigue, headache, emotional instability and had temper.
Analisis perubahan aras hormon yang terlibat semasa sindron putus haid.
Analyse the changes in the levels of hormones during Menopausal syndrome
Jawapan / Answer
Putus haid adalah suatu keadaan apabila seorang perempuan berhenti mengalami haid dan tidak lagi berupaya untuk hamil.
Menopause is a condition when a woman stops having periods and is no longer able to get pregnant naturally.
Berlaku dalam lingkungan 46 hingga 50 tahun.
Occurs within the ages of 46 to 50 years.
Ovari kurang sensitif terhadap rangsangan FSH dan LH
Ovary is less sensitive to the stimulation of FSH and LH
Tiada folikel berkembang dan tiada ovum terbentuk
No follicle developed and no ovum formed
Penghasilan progesteron dan estrogen yang rendah
Low production of progesterone and oestrogen
Older women have reduced secretion of progesterone and oestrogen, thus reduced stimulation of FSH and LH on the ovaries.
Wanita yang berumur mempunyai kurang rembesan progesteron dan estrogen, maka menyebabkan kurang rangsangan FSH dan LH dalam ovari
Tidak lagi berupaya menghasilkan zuriat.
No longer able to conceive a child.
.Simptoms putus haid merangkumi susah tidur, emosi tidak stabil, cepat marah dan sering berpeluh pada waktu malam.
Menopausal symptoms include difficulty in sleeping, bad mood, hot temper and experience hot flushes
Apakah hormon yang kit ujian kehamilan mengesan dalam kencing ibu hamil?
What is the hormone in the urine that detected by pregnancy test kit?
Jawapan / Answer
Hormon gonadotrofin korion manusia (HCG)
Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) hormone